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Stress, as related to diabetes and hypertension. the role of antioxidants

CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
Life styles of men have changed over the years and this has always increases the risk of diabetes and hypertension.

1.1 GENERAL PERSPECTIVE
The cause of most diseases can are not enumerated, but factors that may enhance the effect of the disease are studied in the rule. People from different backgrounds have different contribute lifestyles, which is either positive or negative effect on their health (Apochi, 2004) One big question is, "How do people manage stress, and "How often do people eat fruit and vegetables" stress actually increases the sugar content in blood sugar are the fundamental energy storage molecule in the body (Raven & Johnson 1996). Areas Risch, how often people have to go for medical check up? Is our environment to live, and we as the environmental risk factors for specific conditions such as diabetes and high blood pressure? Now might be, drugs, hectic lifestyle, diet type, environmental conditions, habits and much more leading factor for high blood pressure, diabetes and many other infections linked. As diabetes and hypertension genetics must not be neglected, as most of these Could suffer (Inherited be www.bhf.org.uk).
A simple questionnaire with information that a simple statistical analysis, the other will "breed" a hypothesis about whether or what causes diabetes, hypertension aid, stress, and antioxidant effect in these matters. Antioxidants are generally found in fruits and vegetables they help in the reduction of oxidative stress, which can also link to both hypertension and diabetes (Health Monitor, 2006).

The aim of this data collection
The Data collection has lead to the processing and extraction of information about a drawing from a hypothesis aid in regard to lifestyle, diet habits, such as stress-linked Hypertension and diabetes and / or genetically inherited diabetes and high blood pressure and the effective role of antioxidants in relation to or against the principle of antioxidants in Mitigate those emissions. Information about genetics to causes of hypertension and diabetes conflict is to ponder on physical data collection and correlation of data compared to an effective link / cause are both diabetes and hypertension in adult workers.
Figures were drawn by Victoria Iceland, Ikeja and Gbagada, Bankers, Traders, doctors, nurses, insurance company employees, business men and women and gave more information about their lifestyle, such as in with their health. A little controversy, people from both angles (diabetic, hypertensive and non-diabetic and hypertensive) gave information about their similar Lifestyles and living conditions. But with the help of a statistical analysis we can draw a conclusion and simple hypothesis on this subject.

1.2 HYPERTENSION
Experts know that many factors are linked to high blood pressure, but experts still do not fully understand the exact cause.

Factors to have high blood pressure are linked:
Aging
Do you drink to drink more than two alcoholic drinks per day for men and more than one alcohol a day for women.
Eating a lot of sodium salt
Being overweight or obese
Having high cholesterol
Not exercising
Under a Lot of stress.
Eating diets in potassium, magnesium and calcium
His insulin resistance.

On the generality of this, the blood pressure is the measure of the force that the blood applies to the walls of the arteries as it flows through them. It is normal to increase blood pressure when you exert yourself or when you are stressed out or feel anxious. But if your blood pressure is consistently higher than normal at rest, which is high blood pressure, also known as hypertension. Statistic is that about 3 out of 10 Adults have high blood pressure in the UK. It is much more common in older people: 7 of 10 people in their 70s have high blood pressure (Www.bpassoc.org.uk). In Gbagada, Victoria Ikeja Iceland and we will find out, the rate at which people have high blood pressure.

Blood is usually pumped around the body through the heart with oxygen and Nutrients. As a result of the pumping function of the heart and the size and flexibility of the arteries, the blood, the blood pressure. This is an essential and normal blood pressure Part of the way to work the body.

High blood pressure will develop if:
The walls of the arteries lose their elasticity of your shift and are rigid.
The small blood vessels constrict (ww.bhf.org.uk)
It is important for people on medical check-up on blood pressure regularly . Do It is very dangerous if not properly controlled. How can it be controlled, if you do not check it up, to know your blood pressure? However, the blood pressure with a monitor called sphygmomanometer measured. This is a digital box to a tube with a cuff on the end. The cuff is placed around the upper arm and inflated to a certain Level, then slowly released. A sensor in the cuff provides information about blood pressure or a doctor or nurse will listen with a circulation Stethoscope. The result is two numbers such as 120/80 mm GH ("one hundred and twenty over eighty millimeters of mercury") is indicated. The top number is the systolic Blood Pressure: A measure of the pressure when your heart muscle contracting and pumping blood. This is the maximum pressure in the bloodstream. The lower figure is the diastolic blood pressure, the pressure between heart beats when the heart rests and filling with blood. This is the minimum pressure in the bloodstream. If you suffer from diabetes, is still important that your blood pressure to reduce, as this is less than ideally 130/80mmh.

Types of High Blood Pressure
Primary and secondary hypertension hypertension.
Primary hypertension: More than 9 in 10 people with high blood pressure have what is "Primary" or essential hypertension. This means that there is no single clear cause. As I said before the exact cause of hypertension is not fully understood. It is known that several factors can contribute to do with your lifestyle (Olayinka, 2003).
Secondary hypertension: About 1 in 20 people with high blood pressure have "secondary hypertension". This means your condition to a recognized cause in fact, it can can be a symptom of another linked to underlying disease or factor such as:
Kidney disease
Endocrine disease
Narrowing of the aorta
Steroid medicines
The contraceptive pill
Pregnancy, which cause pre-eclampsia.
You may need to see some tests to see if high Blood pressure is an effect on the rest of your body. These may include:
An analysis of urine (protein in urine can be the first sign of kidney disease be).
A blood test to check your cholesterol and blood sugar levels and the condition of the kidneys.
An ECG (electrocardiogram) recording the electrical Changes happened in your heart.

Monitoring
Ambulatory 24-hour monitoring. You need 24-hour test, measure your blood pressure over 24 hours.
Treatment
Slightly elevated blood pressure can not be treated as aggressively, but regular monitory is important. If you have a very severe high blood pressure, you should go to the hospital. But it is much more likely that you will be cared for by a nurse. (Www.bpassoc.org.uk, www.bhf.org.uk)

1.3 DIABETES
Diabetes mellitus occurs when the pancreas does not make enough, or the hormone insulin, or when the insulin produced does not work effectively. In diabetes, this causes the level of glucose in the blood is too high. Diabetes can also be viewed from this perspective: Diabetes mellitus is a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by persistent hyperglycemia (Dorman, 2004).
There are mainly two common forms of diabetes, these are the type one diabetes and diabetes Type two, and these were originally called insulin-dependent diabetes and noninsulin-dependent diabetes or.
In type 1 diabetes the cells in the pancreas, insulin are destroyed to make, leading to a severe lack of insulin. This is presumably the result of the body attacking and destroying his own cells in the pancreas - Known as an autoimmune disease reaction. It is not clear why this happens, but a number of explanations and possible triggers of this reaction have been proposed. These include:
Infection with a specific virus or bacteria;
Exposure to food-borne chemical toxins and
Exposure as a very young Infant milk, where an as yet unidentified component that triggers the autoimmune response of the body.
However, these are only hypotheses and are by no means proven Causes. Type 2 diabetes is believed to develop when: The receptors on cells of the body that normally respond to the action of insulin is not inspired by it - this is known as insulin resistance. are produced in response to this may be more insulin, and the over-production, the insulin-manufacturing cells depleted in the pancreas, there are simply not enough insulin is available, and the insulin that is available to be abnormal and therefore does not function properly.
The following risk factors the chances increase for someone to develop type 2 diabetes:

With increasing age;
Obesity and
Physical inactivity.
Less common Causes of diabetes include:
Certain medicines;
Pregnancy (gestational diabetes), and
Any illness or disease that damages the Pancreas and its ability to produce insulin eg pancreatitis affected.
What does not cause diabetes?
to be the cause of this research We find out what may lead to diabetes and diabetes, which makes it easier. Many scientists believe that the consumption of sweets or the wrong Type of food does not take place on diabetes, obesity, rather. However, to our knowledge to develop obesity is with the people type two diabetes associated. Next, see also believe that stress does not cause diabetes, although it be a trigger for turning the body on itself as in the case of type 1 diabetes. It may, however, the symptoms worse for those who already have diabetes.
Diabetes is not contagious. Someone with diabetes can not be passed on to third parties (Hicks, 2004).

What causes diabetes? It is believed that some drugs could lead the cause of diabetes. Drugs such as steroids, Dilantin, and others can Blood sugar levels to rise by a variety of mechanisms. Certain other drugs, such as alloxan, streptozocin, and thiazide diuretics, are toxic to the beta cells of the pancreas and can cause diabetes. Certain syndromes (for example, Prader-Willi, Down's, Progeria, and Turner's) result in a hyperglycemic state if this state continues, the result of permanent diabetes. (Guthrie, 2003).
What is diabetes to insulin-dependent state classified as type 1 diabetes. While type 1 diabetes affects only between 50-10 percent of the diabetic population, its effects on the body can be worse than other forms of diabetes. In the past, type 1 juvenile diabetes or juvenile-known (because it is usually those under thirty) diagnosed with brittle diabetes, unstable diabetes, and ketosis-prone diabetes. People in this classification frequently exhibit the classic symptoms, usually with ketones in the blood and urine. A blood glucose level of 800 mg / dl (44 mmol) or more, especially if ketones not there are points to hyperglycemic hyperosmolar nonketotic a diagnosis of the syndrome (a condition where the body is extremely dry (dried), the chemicals concentrated in the body and the blood sugar level is high). As already mentioned, is a syndrome or diabetes, a group of diseases (rather than an illness), leading the prolonged hyperglycemic state. Type 1 is usually with the killing of the beta-cell associated, probably through the body's own immune system. Either the immune system not only kill infectious pathogens, which then kills the beta cells or the immune system is even "destroy wild" attack on the body's own tissues and the beta cells. The cells of the pancreatic islets are inflamed, resulting from an infectious disease process (eg, mumps), or, more commonly, by an autoimmune disease (allergic on self-) reaction.
The autoimmune process results in the traffic caused by antibodies, which can lead either to or by beta-cell death. Where, found that the antibodies fighting the destruction of beta cells (the body, which it now holds in foreign cause), the body's response to the type Diabetes is a much less severe (ie easier to control) with treatment. Until then, is the result of a lack of available insulin. While the beginning is said to sudden changes resulting in decreased insulin availability may have taken place over a longer period. In short, insulin-dependent Diabetes mellitus is an inherited defect of the body's immune system, following destruction of the insulin-producing beta cells of the pancreas. (Guthrie and Guthrie, 2003).

1.4 stress-DIABETES
Stress, both physical and mental, can get your blood sugar out of balance (Nelson, 2004) to . Send
It is hard to dispute that most of us live at breakneck pace. It is the essence of a fast-paced society, where numerous family, social, work and commitments can easily overwhelm your precious time and resources. But for people with diabetes, physical and emotional stress a major tribute to the Health (Nazario, 2004).
This is a simple biological phenomenon that when a person undergoes stress, the persons blood sugar level rises. While stress hormones such as adrenaline (A substance produced by the medulla (inside) of the adrenal gland. The name adrenaline was founded in 1898 by the American pharmacologist and physiologic chemist (biochemist) John Jacob Abel shaped) and cortisol (stress hormone primary. Cortisol is the major natural glucocorticoid (GC) in humans) is activated as their most important function is, including the blood sugar, which helps to increase energy boost when needed. Emotional and physical trauma considers these hormones work, how they are designed to help you Help if you are stressed. Obviously they want you energy to fight for the cause of such a burden, but the negative impact is outstanding. People not have diabetes are compensatory mechanisms, the blood sugar from swinging to keep out of control. But in people with diabetes, the mechanisms are either lacking or broken, so that they do not keep a lid on blood sugar can be said (David, 2004). When blood sugar is not well controlled through diet and / or medication, are you at higher risk for many health complications, including blindness, kidney problems and nerve damage, numbness of the foot, the serious injury and can result in hard to heal infections. Prolonged elevated blood sugar is also a precursor of cardiovascular disease, the risk of heart attacks and strokes . Increase
In diabetes, either because an absolute lack of insulin, such as type 1 diabetes, or a relative deficiency of insulin, such as type 2, there is not enough insulin is produced, To cope with these hormones, blood sugar levels rise as (Richard, 2004).
Anything upsetting as going through a separation or release is certainly emotionally . Drain As with the flu or suffering from a urinary tract infection places physical stress on the body. It is generally These longer-term stressors that Control your system and have much more influence on blood sugar. Since stress has almost become a way of life, you may not even notice you frazzled. A lot of people to stressors such as an illness in the family (something big), but can not recognize the stress of the holidays or a hectic time at work (a little smaller or shorter identified in the duration).

1.5 stress-related hypertension.
can help reduce stress, lower blood pressure. Stress is a normal part of life. But too much stress can cause emotional, psychological and even physical problems - including coronary heart disease, hypertension, chest pain or irregular heart beats. If you are exposed to long periods of stress, your body gives warning signals that something is wrong. These physical, cognitive, emotional and behavioral warning signs should not be ignored. They tell you that you need to slow down. If you continue to be stressed and you do not give your Body a break, you are likely to develop health problems. You can also aggravate an existing illness. (Curtis, 2007)
If stress itself is a risk factor for heart disease, it could be because chronic stress, your body makes unhealthy, persistently elevated levels of stress hormones such as adrenaline and Cortisol. Studies also link stress to changes in the way of blood clots, which increases the risk of heart attack.
1.6 Genetics and DIABETES
Diabetes type one: It is believed that diabetes is inherited Amister probably cause the other possible connections and will be. In families, it is investigated that relatives of a higher Risk of diabetes type one as independent individuals from the general population (approximately 6% vs <1%, respectively) have (Dorman and Bunker, 2000). These data suggest that genetic factors are involved in the development of the disease. Currently, there are indications that, more than 20 regions of the genome involved in genetic susceptibility to diabetes Type one. However, none of the candidates identified a greater impact on diabetes risk than the one by the genes in the HLA region of chromosome 6 This region contains hundreds of genes known to be involved in immune response 4. The most associated with the disease, the HLA class II genes (ie, HLA-DR, DQ, and DP). IDDM1. The HLA class II genes the bear as IDDM1 40-50% of hereditary risk for T1D (Hirschhorn et al., 2003).
Diabetes Type Two: It has been known for a long time that diabetes type two, partly inherited. Family studies have shown that first degree relatives of patients with diabetes type two are about 3-times more likely to develop the disease than individuals without a positive Family history of the disease (Flores et al., 2003, Hansen 2003; Gloyn 2003). It was also shown that concordance rates for monozygotic twins, who ranged from 60-90%, significantly higher than those for dizygotic twins. Thus, it is clear that diabetes type two has a strong genetic component. One approach is to identify disease susceptibility Genes based on the identification of about ndidat e-s gene (B Arros o et al., 2 0 0 3; tumvoll S 2 0 0 4). Andidat C e-s gene ar it de-elect becaus e the y ar includes although to be d in t pancreati c ² cel l-function, insuli n actio n / e glucose metabolism or othe r state s tha te Metaboli c T yp increas e tw o dia pray ri s SKS (eg energy / g, lipid). To date, more than 50 candidate genes in diabetes type two different populations studied worldwide.
However, the results for essentially all genes were in conflict. Possible explanations for the divergent results are small sample sizes, differences in susceptibility to diabetes type two ethnic Groups, variation in environmental exposures and gene-environment interactions. Due to the current controversy, this review wil lf OCU s ONL y on a fe w th e mos t of ge promisin candidat genes. T hes e including e PPAR ³, 8 ABCC, KCNJ a 1, a CALPN d 1 0

Evera S l T yp e tw o diabete s S y G ene usceptibilit

R e R = relative risk
PPEWU ³ (e peroxisome proliferator - activated receptor-D - ³) U. T hi s ha s bee gene e widel ndby study ecause it is importan t e s an d in adipocyte lipi-D metabolism. I n addition, there is one for Targe t th he c hypoglycemi drug know s how n thiazolidinediones. O ne of th e m e ³ PPAR gene (P ro) s decrease insuli n un SENSITIVITY ds increase T yp e tw o TES diabetes risk by several folds. Perhaps more importantly, this variant very often in most populations. Approximately 98% of Europeans has at least one copy of the Pro allele. So it is likely a significant proportion (~ bears 25%) of diabetes type two, which occurs especially in Caucasians.
Maturity Onset Diabetes of the Young: An unusual form of T2D (accounting for <5% of all cases occur T2D) in general, that before the age of 25 MODY. MODY is characterized by a slow onset of symptoms, the absence of overweight, not ketosis, and no evidence for beta-cell autoimmunity. It is usually managed without the need for exogenous insulin. MODY shows an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern, usually of three generations (Stride and Hattersley, 2002).

1.7 GENETICS and hypertension
Scientists at the University of Virginia and Georgetown University in Washington, DC, were three variants in a gene, the kidney is the most common give the form of high blood pressure discovered. Their findings, the result of "18-year" cooperation between the two schools to enable the development of the first predictive medical test for high blood pressure, according to an article in the March 19 issue of Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS).
The researchers report that these gene variants, either directly or through interaction with other versions of the genes that are associated with essential hypertension in different populations: Caucasian American, Japan and Ghana. The presence of these gene variants, also called polymorphisms, can be used by a simple genetic test to an individual's risk of developing high to be determined evaluate blood pressure (hypertension). The test is based on the detection of inherited genes coding for variations that a protein called G protein-coupled receptor kinase family based 4 (GRK4). GRK4 variants are associated with an inability to eliminate sodium from the body. This discovery should be suited to a high quality test for screening a large number of patients based on LED, a fluorescent molecular beacon assay and physicians to diagnose genetic forms of hypertension Aid (Robin, 2002).
will allow the genetic information through the new test revealed doctors provide guidance for patients with a family history high blood pressure who want to know if they should change their lifestyle to prevent the crippling effects such as kidney failure, heart attack, stroke, blindness or high blood pressure, (Fields, 2002).
Essential hypertension - a type that classifies 50 percent of hypertension concerns - 25 percent of the adult population and is an important Risk factor for stroke, heart attack and heart and kidney failure. Although scientists have accepted this condition, that hereditary, which determine the genetic cause of significant Hypertension has been difficult because the blood pressure level was the result of a combination of hereditary and environmental factors.
Patients with even a single GRK4 variation have a significant lifetime risk for developing hypertension, said Dr. Pedro A. Jose, Professor of Pediatrics and Physiology and Biophysics at Georgetown University and senior author the journal article. We now have the genetic abnormalities that cause this error and we have a better idea of the impact of these gene variants in the development of hypertension be identified in three different ethnic groups.
Identification of this leading cause of hypertension should lead to improved medical treatments lead to the disease, but faith, these scientists, it is really true?

1.8 PRINCIPLES of antioxidant Diabetes and hypertension

Very simply put, an antioxidant is something that prevents or retards oxidation. This can be very beneficial for health, for example, the cholesterol in our body is not necessarily harmful until it is oxidized, which then causes them arriving at our adherence to blood vessels, which can then as you know some serious health problems associated with heart problems lead. Antioxidants can help prevent this and therefore make a very positive contribution to your overall general state of health and physical Well-being (Gorman, 2003)
Have your lycopene today? If you ate a green salad with fresh chopped tomatoes, then you are not only a healthy dose of this powerful Antioxidant but you have also taken important measures to reduce your blood pressure.
A recent double-blind study in Israel has confirmed what hearth-healthy Italians for centuries enjoyed it - tomatoes (and tomato sauce) lowers blood pressure and the risk of heart diseases carried (Paran, 2007). Tomatoes are so effective in lowering blood pressure, because they contain lycopene. This powerful antioxidant is also the focus of some hybrid tomatoes, tomato company in Nigeria (Gino tomatoes).
Long-Term Antioxidant Intervention Improves Myocardial Microvascular Function in Experimental Hypertension (Martin, 2003). Hypertension increases oxidative stress, the myocardial microvascular function and integrity can affect. However, it is still unclear whether preserving the long term antioxidant intervention in early hypertension, myocardial perfusion and vascular permeability Responses to challenge. The pigs were examined after 12 weeks without renovascular hypertension (n = or with daily supplementation of antioxidants (100 IU / kg Vitamin E and vitamin C 1 g, n = 6), and compared with healthy controls (n = 7). Myocardial perfusion and microvascular permeability in vivo by electron beam computed tomography measured before and after 2 cardiac challenges (intravenous adenosine and dobutamine). Basal left ventricular muscle mass was also obtained. Mean arterial pressure was similar in both Groups significantly increased blood pressure animals (without and with antioxidants, 123 ± 9 and 126 ± 4 mm Hg, respectively, compared to normal, 101 ± 4 mm Hg, both p <0.05), but muscle mass was not different between the groups. The impaired myocardial perfusion response observed in hypertensive patients adenosine (normal, 51 ± 14%, P <0.05 compared to baseline, hypertension, +14 ± 15%, P = 0.3 compared to baseline) was in hypertensive pigs receiving antioxidants (obtained +44 ± 15%, P = 0.01 compared to baseline). Long-term antioxidant intervention also preserved subendocardial microvascular permeability responses in hypertension. On the other hand antioxidant intervention had observed little effect on the hypertension-induced myocardial vascular dysfunction in response to dobutamine. This study shows that the prejudice of myocardial perfusion and permeability responses to increased cardiac demand in early hypertension are significantly improved by long-term antioxidant intervention. This Results support the involvement of oxidative stress in myocardial vascular dysfunction in hypertension and suggest a role for antioxidant strategies to preserve the myocardial microvasculature. (Krier et al, 2003).
Most of the food that many people, such as fast food and other food sources highly processed carbohydrates, sugar and fat, refrain from eating very little content of antioxidants. Besides being low in antioxidants, these articles really increase your cholesterol, this may to some serious health problems which cause serious health hazard. (Heath Monitor, 2006).

1.9 Hypotheses
H0: stress is not with hypertension connected
H1: stress is associated with hypertension
H0: stress is not associated with diabetes
H1: stress is associated with Diabetes
H0: antioxidant can not curb hypertension
H1: Antioxidant can curb hypertension
H0: antioxidant can not curb diabetes
H1: Antioxidant may curb diabetes
H0: Hypertension is not hereditary
H1: High blood pressure is hereditary
H0: diabetes is not hereditary
H1: Diabetes is hereditary

CHAPTER TWO
2.0 MATERIALS

The main materials were used: a comprehensive questionnaire and analysis software. These two materials are very effective in processing information for statistical analysis. Organic raw data can be analyzed mathematically calculated and tested intensively for effective results. Different people have different views and teachings, but how to believe and be proved rational hypothesis.

2.1 REVIEW of the hypothesis
H0: stress is not associated with hypertension
H1: stress is associated with hypertension
H0: Stress is not associated with diabetes
H1: Stress is linked to diabetes
H0: antioxidant can not curb hypertension
H1: Antioxidant can curb hypertension
H0: antioxidant can not curb diabetes
H1: A ntioxidant can curb Diabetes
H0: Hypertension is not hereditary
H1: High blood pressure is hereditary
H0: diabetes is not hereditary
H1: Diabetes is hereditary

2.2 Data COLLECTION (questionnaire)
Data are facts, research on the responses of respondents to the questions are based. There are types of data such parametric and nonparametric data, the former is in numeric values, while the later is the type I in this research, which is in nominal or ordinal, such as gender, age, nationality and more (Oludotun application bin, 2007). Information is data to be processed, while a questionnaire is a form of mechanism for the procurement of information to process data and views people on specific issues. Have a questionnaire number of advantages and disadvantages when compared with other evaluation tools. The main strengths and weaknesses of questionnaires in bullet points below. In general, questionnaires are effective mechanisms for the efficient collection of certain types of information. They are not, however, represents a comprehensive Assessment and should be to support and complement other methods of evaluation and improvement of research allowing an evaluation of the software is also in this investigation used as above.
2.3 Advantages of questionnaires:
They allow respondents time to consider their answers carefully, without interference, for example, in a Interview.
Cost: It is possible, questionnaires, while providing a large number of people.
Uniformity: Each respondent receives the same Number of questions. With closed-form questions, answers are standardized, which may assist in the interpretation of large numbers of respondents.
Can address a large number of themes and issues of concern in a relatively efficient way, with the possibility of a high response rate.
Often questionnaires are designed so that responses on issues considered and scores added up to a general measure of attitudes and opinions for the respondents.
They can be mailed to respondents, although this approach can reduce the response rate.
They permit anonymity. It is generally argued that anonymity increases the response rate and the probability that the responses to reflect actual increase rather than opinions.
The answers are collected in a standardized way, so questionnaires are more objective, certainly more than interviews.
In general, it is relatively quick grasp of the issues with the help of a questionnaire.
Potential information from a large part of a Group are collected. This potential is often not realized, since the returns from questionnaires are usually low. However, return rates can be improved dramatically if the questionnaire is delivered and responded in time.

2.4 DISADVANTAGES OF QUESTIONNAIRES
Questionnaire, like many other policies occur after the event, so Participants may forget important issues.
Questionnaires are standardized, so it is not possible, all points in the questions that participants may misunderstand . Explain This could be partly solved by the pilot issues a small group of people or at least friends and colleagues. It is advisable to do so anyway.
Open-ended questions can process large amounts of data that a long time and to analyze, take can produce. One way this would be the limit of to limit the space available so that students answers or just to try and survey the people are only part of them.
Respondents can only superficially to answer especially if the questionnaire does take a long time.
Maybe people are ready to answer the questions. You could not wish to reveal the information or they may think that they will not even be responding may benefit by moving to open up their true opinion. People should be told why are not more information is collected and how will the results be useful. You should be asked to respond honestly and said that if their response is negative, as useful as a positive opinion.

2.5 LOCATION IN VIEW
The sites considered drawn: Ikeja, Gbagada, Victoria Iceland. These areas both industrial and residential areas. Majority of the people in these areas have different lifestyles and different ways of participation in health issues.

2.6 CATEGORIES of people in VIEW
People to work, take the taxis, some private cars, buses and even bicycles. Many of them spend long time in traffic, and even long time spent at work.
2.7 METHOD OF DATA PROCESSING

There are so many methods in the investigation of the statistical analysis of these are design and Survey, the two methods are applied. The software used in the analysis of data from the questionnaires collected statistics package for social sciences (SPSS). Based on the fact that the information collected in the questionnaire, non-parametric, they are first analyzed in percentile mean, mode and median. In addition, a correlation between related information from the data in the questionnaire and Chi-square test in coined symmetrical measure, the ranking Pearson and Spearman correlation shows, to an efficient to test results, if the null hypothesis is accepted or the alternative hypothesis is to produce accepted.
CHAPTER THREE

3.0 RESULTS

The questionnaires were collected and analyzed using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS), these mean tabulated as percentiles, and that modal further information correlated with cross-tabulation, chi-square test and symmetrical action was. The results show that stress increased diabetes and high blood pressure. Antioxidants reduce the impact of diabetes and diabetes and hypertension are both inherited.

3.1 Section A: BIO-DATA
The three sites (Gbagada, Ikeja and Victoria Iceland) were together amalgamated in tabular form to represent information in the set (mode) and in percentage. The tables below are the results from the fusion of data from Gbagada, Victoria Iceland Ikeja and on some related issue-based questionnaire.

Table 1: Age of Respondent

Table 1 shows, 56.3% employment fell in the lowest category of age, while 43.8% fell in the higher category of age, 18-25 and 26-33 respectively.

Table 2: Marital status

In Table 2, a large number of respondents are single (94.9%), while the rest were either married or divorced.

Table 3: Type of Job

Table 3 shows the nature of the jobs of the respondents do, there were more people on the white collar jobs.

Table 4: Family History of Hypertension

Table 4 shows that many people with high blood pressure traces of family members who had been hypertensive.

Table 5: Family History of Diabetes

Table 5, 12% are found to be valid for diabetic traces in their families.

Table 6: Distance from the workplace shows 30.4 percent of valid people who are very far from their workplaces.

Table 7: state of the roads

Table 7 shows that 51.7% of going to work on bad roads.

Table 8: Duration of time spent in traffic Daily

Table 8 shows that 2, a higher percentage of workers and hours to spend in traffic.

Table 9: Transportation Systems to Workplace

Table 9 shows that 43.8, work on the bike, 36.9 run to go to work in private cars, 1.1 for commercial use buses.

3.3 Section C: The use of fruit and vegetables

Table 10: Respondents to cook and eat vegetables outside those included in the food

In Table 10, 62.5% against 29.5% of respondents eat vegetables outside those contained in food.
Table 11: Respondents often eat fruits

Table 11 shows that a high frequency of respondents to eat fruit.
Correlation / cross-tabulation of parameters closely hypothesis examined. Samples from the cross-border relations showed 13 common defendant, who were from 35 hypertensive, they spend about two hours in traffic, while 10 out of 34 respondents who hypertensive spend less time in traffic were, that is, stress aggravates diabetes.
For diabetes majority of people who spend more time at work do not respond well to treatment. The chi-square test gave, which is greater than 0.508 0.05 This takes the alternative hypothesis. The results show that antioxidants including diabetes and hypertension, 54 respondents to halt 17 are hypertensive and eat vegetables, enough, but 37 of the 54 persons interviewed are not eating enough vegetables but hypertensive. More respondents have family members that either Hypertension and diabetes.

Table 12: Effect of stress on hypertensive patient

CASESCORRELATED QUESTIONSVALIDMISSINGTOTALNPERCENTNPERCENTNPERCENTTRAFFICADURATION Time spent in traffic DAILY * Are you hypertensive? 6939.2 10760.8%%% 176 100 BDURATION Time spent in traffic DAILY DID LAST * If you control your Blood Pressure? 6335.8 11364.2%%% 176 100 CDURATION time spent in traffic DAILY * Type of medication (s) used? 5631.8 12068.2%%% 176 100 DDURATION time spent in traffic DAILY * no Improvement? 3821.6 13878.4%%% 176 100 WORKEDAILY time at work * hypertensive? 6838.6 10861.4%%% 176 100 FDAILY time at work * CHECK blood pressure? 6436.4 11263.6%%% 176 100 GDAILY time at work * type of medication USED5631.8% 12068.2% 176 100% HDAILY time at work * no improvement? 3821.6 13878.4 176 100%%%

CHAPTER FOUR

4.0 DISCUSSION

The amount of the charge again in the days of our fathers in comparison to the current lifestyle was relatively small.
Physical and mental stress increase the blood sugar levels, which in turn increases the pressure of the blood exerts on the walls of blood vessels. If the rate or speed of the pumping of blood from the heart through the body increases continuously Then prone to high blood pressure (Olayinka, 2003). Primary hypertension is more common, about nine out of ten people suffer that primary hypertension. There is practically not clear that one cause.
Secondary hypertension is more critical to a person in twenty people are suffering, the cause could also be due to other diseases (Www.bhf.org.uk be linked). We have shown that people who lead the 10 hours spent at work or exacerbate the incidence of hypertension. Unsatisfactory Job conditions and a long time in traffic and the incidence of hypertension. We have shown that approximately 2% of hypertensive men spent and less than or equal to 30 minutes in traffic while about 3% of hypertensive people over two hours spent in traffic. These facts prove that stress leads to high blood pressure.
A large percentage of people with essential hypertension, genetic abnormalities of the peripheral arteries (arterioles) - the small arteries are supplied with blood, body tissue. This genetic anomaly makes the walls of the arteries stiff, so there is a greater resistance to blood flowing through them. (Www.medicinenet.com).
A higher number of people with high blood pressure had their family members with high blood pressure (13 of 21 respondents that have high blood pressure patients, family members who have hypertensive from the result). Genetic factors can contribute to about thirty percent of cases of essential hypertension (high blood pressure of unknown cause). In the United States, high blood pressure is more common in African Americans than for white or Asian Americans. Adult African American men are most at risk for the development of hypertension and Cardiovascular diseases. The cause remains unknown, especially since American adults have non-African men very low incidence of hypertension. One of the factors relating on high blood pressure is sodium salt, which was previously located. Some scientists believe that the black American adults may suffer from high blood pressure, around the time of the slave trade, as they see the crossing, they have been affected by the high sea salt concentration are linked. This is only an assumption. (Www.webmd.com).
Diabetes is mainly in two forms, except for other, smaller, but important species such as MODY: maturity-onset diabetes in youth, and more (Dorman, 2004). The insulin-dependent diabetes, which also called, is a type of diabetes is when all the cells was responsible for the production of insulin completely destroyed by the body's immune system, the non-insulin-dependent Diabetes type two diabetes as this is where the receptors is responsible for the stimulation of the cells that produce insulin denied this as insulin resistance. In response this excess insulin produced in the course of time the cell loses the ability to produce enough insulin for glycemic control. Cortisol and adrenaline are triggered to produce excess sugar for energy when a person encounters stress (Health Monitor, 2006). If it is not enough insulin produced to control blood sugar levels, diabetes is worse (McElroy, 2007). It has been clearly stated that this particular subject were stressful lifestyle Diabetics with poor response to treatment, which is another important link between stress and diabetes (1.1% of those who did not spend hours in traffic respond to diabetic treatment, against 0.44% of those who spent less time in traffic). Stress makes diabetes worse, even if you do everything you can to Control your condition (Tennen, 2007).
Currently, there are indications that more than 20 regions of the genome may in genetic susceptibility to type 1 diabetes to be involved. The genes strongly associated with the disease, the HLA class II genes (ie, HLA-DR, DQ and DP). IDDM1. The HLA class II genes, which carry as IDDM1 approximately 40-50% of the hereditary risk for T1D (Hirschhorn et al., 2003).
It was found that those who have their diabetes diagnosed between the ages of 00-20, had several family members with diabetes. It is well known that "diabetes type two" is inherited to some extent. Family studies have shown that first degree relatives of patients with diabetes type two " are about three times more common, the disease, as individuals, to develop without a family history of the disease (Flores et al., 2003, Hansen 2003; Gloyn 2003).
Antioxidants reduce the rate of hypertension such as vegetable consumption increased. 37 of 54 people who consume a high proportion of vegetables are not reported hypertensive more against the remaining 17 people. This simple statement shows that these vegetables to help the body in the reduction of hypertension risk.
Studies on oxidative stress, antioxidant Treatment and complications of diabetes have shown that oxidative stress is increased and can develop complications from the metabolism of glucose and excessive to accelerate free fatty acids in diabetic and insulin-resistant states. However, the involvement of oxidative stress to diabetic complications can be tissue-specific, especially for micro-vascular disease that only occurs in diabetic patients but not in people with insulin resistance without diabetes, although both groups suffer oxidative stress. Although antioxidant treatments can benefit in animal models of diabetes, negative evidence from large clinical trials, suggests that new and Other strong antioxidants should be investigated in order to demonstrate whether antioxidants can be effective in the treatment of complications. In addition, it appears that oxidative Stress is only one factor to diabetic complications, antioxidant treatment would probably be more effective when combined with other treatments for diabetic complications (Were coupled www.joslin.harvard.edu).
Those employees who eat in adding additional vegetables spoil their meal and fruits regularly responded to the treatment of diabetic correctly. This only shows that since the vegetables and fruits are good sources of antioxidants, it has positive effects on diabetes patients. Hence the alternative hypothesis is accepted that antioxidants to help reduce diabetes.

Conclusions
Finally, we can confidently say that "stress is linked to high blood pressure, stress, diabetes associated antioxidant can improve the risk of hypertension and diabetes. hypertension and diabetes These are both hereditary information is possible because, oasis tested the strength and direction of variables and observed the effect of one variable on the others, the alternative hypotheses have now been accepted.

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About the Author

The art of creativity is his basic line of work, and course of natural selection is the paramount objective of his living, He love music, mtv, channelo, Nigeria, beautiful ladies He calls the soldierlettes, He loves swimming, He loves climbing great height, He loves quest for new things, He loves games. He says... "Tupac preached the thuglife, 50cent talked about the gangster life and Vaughn is preaching the SOLDIER life", hence the name: Vaughn D Black General. He has done so many reality shows like the African gladiators in 2000, He also did the Gulder ultimate search in 2005, these shows made Him so popular across Africa, hated and loved by many. He has done so many home videos (movies), beautifully, He has presented so many big tv shows on National tv and all. At the moment He's doing freestyle around universities and streets at the moment in Nigeria. Av Army Entertainment is his priceless dream and tomorrow you will wake up to know the biggest Entrepreneur in the world's greatest history. By education He is a Geneticist from the University of Lagos always on top of his class...Too many things to talk about well subsequently he shall upgrade this... Vaughn: I would love to work with any firm, corporation, organization Nationally or internationally that would love to do business on a high class. last words, "take it or leave it Vaughn is a general"(smiles) till i meet you tomorrow peace!

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